Business Models, Including Higher Value Products for the New Circular, Resource-Efficient Biobased Industry

The biobased business model, which initiated the era of improved use biological resources, upgrading resources otherwise wasted or downgraded, started with “biomass to biofuel” biorefinery: economy by scale, requiring large investments, and stable supply high volume, low-cost feedstock. A high-profiled model for pioneering biorefineries was a joint venture, often formed two already mature businesses, joining sets competence, skills, experience; opportunity later merger acquisition. biofuel biorefinery challenged from sides, its commercial viability (caused low-priced end product) sustainability issues, as it utilizes only energy content not biomass structures. new industries started, focusing on unlocking full potential biomass, cascading optimized valorization all (or at least more parts of) components. This dual objective, opens spectrum types bioeconomy models, suitable complex industries, including higher-value products in portfolio, being complex, handling several process steps streams, producing products. Five examples such models are described: (1) Biobased industry, in-house production sidestreams. (2) Biomass-specialized biorefinery. (3) Cooperatively owned crop residues processing (4) Industry clusters preferred model. (5) Local public/private consortium-owned Furthermore, foresight analysis is presented possible expected wide variety industries.